Just for Fun

Sunday, 10 November 2013

Funny Christmas Homemade Gift Baskets

Funny Christmas Homemade Gift Baskets

http://just4funwithsandy.blogspot.com/2013/11/funny-christmas-homemade-gift-baskets.html
Christmas is the time to celebrate, make merry, and indulge in giving. People give out gifts to friends and relative and spread cheer all around. Of late the gift baskets have grown much in popularity. They help you in personalizing your gifts while presenting them. The baskets can be made in many creative ways. They can also be used at home after the gift inside it has been removed. There are many gift baskets available in the market but you can be more creative by making a gift basket at home, by using other items. How about creating an innovation gift basket without an actual basket? It just requires some planning and creativity. Here are some ideas on how to create the perfect gift basket at home.

You can use different bases to hold your gift instead of a traditional basket. For example if someone in the family loves cooking then consider gifting her with kitchen items filled into a crock pot. Fill in all the items inside a stock pot or crock pot and add some glitters and bow to it to make it look really special.

If there is some man in the family who just loves fishing then how about gifting him a conventional wicker tackle box which would help to hold a cluster of fishing items. You can use this as a creative basket to stuff it with goodies such as handkerchiefs, line, a coffee thermos, and some other things you think he would like to take with him on his next fishing trip.

Women just love to be pampered so you can create a basket out of a robe and fill it with various items such as a manicure kit, eye mask, gels, lotions, and lots of other girlie stuff.

The kids can gift their teachers a tote bag that can hold lots of other stuffs such as pen, notebooks and papers. You can put the gifts inside the bag and surprise your teacher. You can also attach a card to it to wish them a happy christmas holiday season.

Thursday, 7 November 2013

How To Dress Up Like A Santa

How To Dress Up Like A Santa

http://just4funwithsandy.blogspot.com/2013/11/how-to-dress-up-like-santa.html
This Christmas holiday season would you like to dress up as Santa Clause and spread cheer? Or may be you have been invited to dress up as Santa for the kids of the local school, or you want to visit a party. Whatever the reason be, ensure that you dress up perfectly so that the kids don’t recognize you.

You can get a Santa Clause costume from a store but there are some things that you need to take into consideration in order to make yourself pass. You of course know that Santa is a rather plump fellow with a round jelly which shakes when he laughs. If you are not plump naturally then you would have to consider making yourself plump by tying a cushion to your stomach. It would require some manual help to ensure that it wobbles when you laugh. After you have your artificial belly made, you can get the perfect Santa costume of your size.

Now, it is time to concentrate on the make-up. Santa Clause is famous for his red cheeks and cherry like nose. You may need some pink blusher to make your cheeks and nose rosy like Santa. You can get the best effect by creating a pink circle on each of your cheeks and a smaller circle on the tip of your nose. Even if this sound a bit weird, it would make you look simply great when you have your entire costume on.

Santa usually wears boots that help to keep him warm. You just can’t do with any boot. Santa clause rides on the sleigh and wears furry boots. Even if you are wearing simple boots, they must appear to be fur lined. Therefore it is necessary that you create some effects in your boot to make them appear fur lined.

After you have got the costume and the make-up right, you need to practice saying ‘Ho- Ho-Ho’ perfectly. This would make you a real Santa; just remember to keep laughing and spreading cheer.

Sunday, 3 November 2013

Fun Ideas For Christmas Decorations

Fun Ideas For Christmas Decorations

http://just4funwithsandy.blogspot.com/2013/11/fun-ideas-for-christmas-decorations.html
Christmas bring along with it lots of good times and cheer. One of the most exciting things to do during this time of the year is decorating a Christmas tree. This is also one of the most nostalgic moments for the adults and a fun time for kids. So, if you too love to decorate a Christmas tree then here are some exciting decorating ideas for this season.

You can start with the front of your home, which is mostly forgotten but is the most important one to make a good impression. You can decorate the space in the front with two Christmas trees. You can both get the pre-lit ones because they are hassle free, or you can use light the candles and out them on the trees yourself. You may get a nice welcome mat that has snowflakes or holiday flowers design.

Houses with entryways make for the perfect place for Christmas decorations. If you have a large entryway then you can place a lighted Christmas tree there. This tree can be used for decorating as well as entertaining purposes.  You can place the main Christmas tree in either the living room or the den.

If you cannot put so many Christmas trees in your home then alternatively you can get the kids to make hang cloth Christmas tree banners and glue them on the wall. Glitter can be added to it to create a special effect. This is a creative and fun way to involve the kids in the decorations of Christmas at home.

Bathroom is one part of the house that usually gets neglected when it comes to decorating. This holiday season remember to decorate even your bathroom by placing some scented pine, holiday spice, or cinnamon.

For the bedroom, you can add freshness to it by buying linens in red, green, or silver. You can also opt for holiday quilts that are warm and comfortable.

Saturday, 2 November 2013

Things That Mark the Christmas Traditions

Things That Mark the Christmas Traditions

http://just4funwithsandy.blogspot.com/2013/11/things-that-mark-christmas-traditions.html
Christmas, celebrated on the 25th December of every year, is a celebration of brotherhood, mankind, and love for all. It marks the pious birth of Christ, known to be the savior of the mankind. This time of the year has been widely celebrated in all parts of the world. People wait all the year through in anticipation of this festival. The kids have real fun because they receive exciting gifts. The adults exchange gifts too and revive their bonds by get together and parties. Although different countries throughout the world celebrate the customs and traditions of Christmas according to their culture, the essence remains the same.

Some of the things that mark the traditions of Christmas include Christmas greens and flowers, Christmas tree, the star, Santa Claus, candy cane, Christmas cards, Father Christmas, and the ginger bread man. These valuable traditions that make up the spirit of Christmas have been aggregated from different cultures since ages. When you take an in-depth look into the traditions of Christmas, you will be touched by the sentiments that provide liveliness to the festival.

On the eve of the festival, Christmas carols are sung to mark the birth of Jesus Christ. Fir trees are decorated in all homes and are laden with gifts and stars. The children keep stockings hoping that Santa Clause would come and fill it with surprises. The parents usually fill in the stocking to make their kids happy.

On the Christmas day, people meet each other and wish merry Christmas. A wide variety of mouthwatering special Christmas delicacies are prepared at home. Some families prefer to enjoy privately with family members. While there are others who throw lavish parties and make merry. They exchange gifts and spread love among themselves.

Although the traditions and customs of Christmas may differ from country to country, the essence of brotherhood and love remains the same throughout the world.

Friday, 1 November 2013

Christmas Gift Ideas For Someone You Love

Christmas Gift Ideas For Someone You Love


Christmas Gift Ideas For Someone You Love
Giving out gifts during Christmas has been traditions since ages. In the earlier times, the gifts were mostly hand delivered. The gifts were often not even delivered.

The sentiment attached to it was more than enough. However, these days the gifts are more stylish and creative. If you want to surprise your family and friends with exciting gifts then here are some fun ideas.

If you have friends of someone in the family who is an avid magazine reader then you may gift them a year or two years subscription. This will save you money and at the same time will be directly sent to the recipient. You will receive a confirmation card which you can gift to them on the Christmas morning.

For the kids, you really don’t need to think as they have their gifts decided months before Christmas. You can just go to the shop and buy them what they want.

But, for the finicky people who don’t speak up but usually disapprove of the gifts, you can present them with gift certificates. This allows them to buy the gift of their own choice.

The gift cards are available in varied amounts and most of them are rechargeable, which means that you can add more money to it on a later date. You can purchase gift cards for a new retail store or a restaurant.

Both men as well as women love to be pampered. You can also choose to get a massage for him and a facial for her that they can use anytime. These gift cards are not too expensive and they are sure to make the receiver happy. It is not tough to get some time out from the busy schedule to pamper oneself.

The ornate Christmas stocking can be used to wrap the gifts. You can put the gifts inside the stockings and present it to your friends or relatives.

Monday, 16 September 2013

For Love And Lemons Farrah Slip Dress

For Love And Lemons Farrah Slip Dress

We know everybodys opinion; will be different from each other. Likewise to this image, inside our viewpoint, this is one of the greatest image, and now what do you think?

Farrah slip dress find more like this other dresses you may like metallic pink mini dress for love and lemons luna sz xs $97 $0. For love and lemons emerie dress navy blue lace detail cut out dress $140 $268. For love & lemons sexy san pedro black mini dress $78 $285. For love and lemons x victoria’s secret lia bustier xs.

For love and lemons outline 3 piece set. For love and lemons floral embroidered thong panty. For love and lemons mini dress. For love & lemons rodin iridescent white maxi dress. For love & lemons cassandra pink mini dress. For love and lemons dress endless mini polka dot. Nico is selling their for love & lemons farrah slip dress for $230 on curtsy, the sustainable thrifting app. Shop now and save on your favorite brands. New with tags size medium fits a small or medium for love and lemons farrah dress sold out online tiktok viral dress.

For Love And Lemons Dresses | Iso Fll X Vs Farrah Slip Dress | Poshmark

For Love And Lemons Dresses | Iso Fll X Vs Farrah Slip Dress | Poshmark
Image by poshmark.com

For Love And Lemons Dresses | For Love Lemons Farrah Slip Dress | Poshmark

For Love And Lemons Dresses | For Love Lemons Farrah Slip Dress | Poshmark
Image by poshmark.com

For Love And Lemons Intimates & Sleepwear | For Love And Lemons Farrah

For Love And Lemons Intimates & Sleepwear | For Love And Lemons Farrah
Image by poshmark.com

For Love And Lemons Dresses | For Love Lemons Farrah Slip Dress | Poshmark

For Love And Lemons Dresses | For Love Lemons Farrah Slip Dress | Poshmark
Image by poshmark.com

For Love And Lemons Dresses | For Love Lemons Farrah Slip Dress | Poshmark

For Love And Lemons Dresses | For Love Lemons Farrah Slip Dress | Poshmark
Image by poshmark.com

For Love And Lemons Dresses | Iso Fll X Vs Farrah Slip Dress | Poshmark

For Love And Lemons Dresses | Iso Fll X Vs Farrah Slip Dress | Poshmark
Image by poshmark.com

For Love And Lemons Dresses | For Love And Lemons Amelia Mini Dress

For Love And Lemons Dresses | For Love And Lemons Amelia Mini Dress
Image by poshmark.com

For Love And Lemons Dresses | For Love Lemons Farrah Slip Dress | Poshmark

For Love And Lemons Dresses | For Love Lemons Farrah Slip Dress | Poshmark
Image by poshmark.com

For Love And Lemons Intimates & Sleepwear | For Love And Lemons Blossom

For Love And Lemons Intimates & Sleepwear | For Love And Lemons Blossom
Image by poshmark.com

Thursday, 5 September 2013

Handicraft Gift Idea:  Make an Apron

Handicraft Gift Idea: Make an Apron

If you are looking for a handicraft gift idea to make for someone special, perhaps that person would like an apron.  When we think of aprons, we often think of mothers and grandmothers in the kitchen, but men can often benefit from having an apron as well.  They often enjoy barbecuing, for one thing.  They also can use an apron in the workshop.  Children, too, can use an apron for many of their activities, such as arts and crafts.    Here are simple instructions for making a handicraft gift of an apron that can be adapted for anyone.

http://just4funwithsandy.blogspot.com/2013/09/handicraft-gift-idea-make-apron.html
Start with a piece of sturdy fabric suitable for the individual for whom you are making the handicraft gift.  The fabric needs to be wide enough to wrap 1/2 to 3/4 of the way around them and long enough to cover them from collar bone to just above the knee.  For a large adult, 25 to 30 inches wide by 36 to 40 inches long should be about right.  A slimmer adult can use a narrower apron, but if they will be wiping their hands on the sides of it, they might appreciate the extra width.  An apron for a child of 10 could start with a piece of fabric about 18 inches wide by 25-30 inches long.

The best types of fabric to use are sturdy cottons, such as medium weight denim or twill.  Soft cottons such as broadcloth or muslin are all right in the kitchen, but will not last long, and would not hold up in the garden or workshop at all.  Other materials you'll need are thread and a sewing machine.  You will also need enough extra fabric to make a strap to go around the neck, ties for the back, and pockets.

When designing the handicraft gift, you can be as creative as you like with pockets.  Every apron is more useful with pockets.  A person who cleans houses, for instance, can use pockets for odds and ends they pick up as well as for their spray bottles, sponges, and scrub brushes.

To make the apron, fold the piece of fabric lengthwise.  This will allow you to cut the shape with one cut, making the two sides symmetrical.   What you will be shaping when you make the cut will be the bib section of the apron.  The bib for an adult sized apron will need to be about 9 inches wide.  Measure from the fold about 5-1/2 inches.  This is half the width of the bib plus an inch to fold under twice to form a hem.  The piece you will cut off the side to shape the bib will be a half bullet shape with the tip of the bullet being where the ties will be attached.  The length of the half bullet shape should be about a foot, and the width will be from the spot you marked 5-1/2 inches from the fold to the outside edge of the fabric.  When these pieces are cut off, the result should be an apron shaped piece of fabric.

Now decorate the apron with pockets and any other decorations you desire.  After this it is time to fold under the edges all around and stitch down with sturdy stitching for a nice hem all around the handicraft gift.  Cut two pieces of fabric a yard long by two inches wide.  Fold lengthwise and fold raw edges to the inside.  Press and stitch down along the length to make the ties.  Attach the ties at the waist of the apron handicraft gift.  (If these ties seem a little long, it is because a lot of people like to bring the ties to the front and tie them there.)  Cut another piece of fabric 18 to 20 inches long by 5 inches wide fold in half lengthwise and press.  Press again with the raw edges of the long side tucked under 1/2 inch.  Stitch down the open side.  Attach this piece to the sides of the top of the bib, sewing it to the back of the bib and topstitching on the front side of the bib.  Be careful not to twist it when you attach it.

People who work hard at homemaking, barbecuing and in the workshop will appreciate a handicraft gift of a sturdy apron.  Mostly they will appreciate the effort and design you have put into making a handicraft gift that they can use.

Sunday, 1 September 2013

Bust Boredom with Kid Crafts

Bust Boredom with Kid Crafts

Have you ever heard those familiar words, "I'm bored," coming from the mouth of your child?  If so, then kid crafts are the answer.  Provide the kids with craft materials and boredom will be a thing of the past.  Read on for ideas about kid crafts.

http://just4funwithsandy.blogspot.com/2013/09/bust-boredom-with-kid-crafts.html
Kid crafts essential materials include paper, crayons, safe scissors, and glue.  Paper for kid crafts can include construction paper, plain typing paper, cardstock of various colors, and many other options.  Even junk mail and old magazines can make interesting art projects.  Crayons are nice for younger children, but the stores are now filled with other options, such as washable dry-erase markers, watercolor pencils, and gel pens.  Kid crafts supplies can run into money, but even on a budget there are many possibilities.

Other materials kids can craft with include recycled junk and found objects.  By recycled junk, I'm referring to empty cereal boxes, toothpaste boxes, cardboard from packaging, plastic containers, and even tin cans.  If you let kids craft with tin cans, however, you need to make sure the open edge of the can doesn't have any sharp edges.  Simply file these off or squeeze them flat with a pair of pliers.

Found objects include leaves, twigs, rocks, snakeskins, and other natural item a child might find.  Perhaps there is a sheep farm nearby.  If so, wool scraps can often be found stuck to the barbed wire fences.  Any or all of these items can be used in kid crafts.

One of the most fun and popular kid crafts is making a collage.  Kids can glue anything down when making a collage.  Use heavy paper for the background, and then let the creativity begin!  For an extra challenge, a collage can be built around a theme, like food, animals, or babies.  Old magazines can be searched for just the right pictures, which can be cut out and glued to the background.  The older child might wish to cut out details from magazine pictures and reassemble them in new and interesting ways.  They might cut out interesting words and headlines and add them as well.

Younger kid crafts can include collages made of glued down pasta, beans, popsicle sticks, leaves, and many other materials.  Don't forget about glitter, too.  If the budget allows only a few kid crafts splurges, remember that kids of all ages, particularly girls, really enjoy crafting artwork that includes glitter.  But whether your kids are boys or girls, young or older, suggest some kid crafts the next time your kids are bored!

Thursday, 29 August 2013

Hot Weather Fun: Summer Crafts for Kids

Hot Weather Fun: Summer Crafts for Kids

Summer crafts for kids are a great way to keep little ones cool and having a great time! These activities are perfect for everything from practicing phonics to building a foundation for science learning.

Summer is the one of the times I get really excited about crafting. It brings back all the memories of what we made at summer camps or vacation bible school. There’s a nostalgia there that makes it fun to relive.

I want to be able to create that same nostalgia feeling for my own kids when they’re older. These are some fun summer crafts for kids to make that I think will give them that same feeling.

These summer crafts are what I believe to be classic summer crafts for preschooler and kids of all ages. They all give me that warm fuzzy feeling of remembering making them as a child.


















Sunday, 25 August 2013

Christmas Craft:  Bead and Pipe Cleaner Ornaments

Christmas Craft: Bead and Pipe Cleaner Ornaments

http://just4funwithsandy.blogspot.com/2013/08/christmas-craft-bead-and-pipe-cleaner.html
Christmas ornaments made from ordinary pipe cleaners and inexpensive acrylic beads are very pretty and easy to make.  They look quite impressive yet are easy enough for small children to make.  This is one Christmas craft idea to use again and again.  Older people will enjoy making this Christmas craft, too, which can be varied to make a number of different sparkling ornaments for your Christmas tree.

To make the bead and pipe cleaner ornaments, you need common pipe cleaners in desired colors and acrylic beads.  Two types of beads are particularly effective when strung on pipe cleaners.  One type are called sunburst beads, but are also known as paddlewheel beads, snowflake beads, or starburst beads.  These beads have six faceted paddles spaced equally around a center that contains the hole for stringing.  When several of these sunburst beads are strung consecutively, they fit against each other in an interlocking pattern.

The other type of bead that is also effective for this Christmas craft is called the tri bead or propeller bead.  It has three rounded bumps arranged around the stringing hole.  Like the sunburst beads, the tri beads interlock when strung consecutively.  For the most sparkly and attractive Christmas ornaments, get tri beads and/or sunburst beads in translucent colors of red, green, and clear.  The tri beads can also be found in metallic gold and silver which can be used in this Christmas craft as well.

Pipe cleaners can be found in silver and gold tinsel as well as chenille of all colors.  For the Christmas craft, the best colors to use are the metallics and Christmas colors.  The beads cover the pipe cleaners, but the ends will need to be twisted together and made into hangers, so they show.

Anyone, even small children, can string these beads on pipe cleaners.  Bend up the end of the pipe cleaner so the beads don't fall off.  The pipe cleaner works like a needle, making a needle unnecessary.  For best results, show the children how to alternate colors when stringing, or start a pattern of three colors.  When the beads are strung on the pipe cleaners, they can be bent into different Christmas shapes.  For instance, string red and clear beads alternately, then bend down one end of the pipe cleaner for a candy cane shape.  Or alternate red and green beads and form a circle for a wreath.  Use red pipe cleaner to form a small bow to decorate the wreath.  Form a hanger for the Christmas craft or simply slip the circle over a branch of the tree.

If you experiment with clear beads and silver pipe cleaners, you can make some beautiful snowflake or star ornaments.  Snowflake designs can be twisted of silver pipe cleaner only, without the beads for a simple but pretty decoration.

Bead and pipe cleaner ornaments are a Christmas craft you will find yourself using every year.  Children and their parents will both appreciate this simple yet pretty Christmas craft.

Thursday, 22 August 2013

How to Come up With a Craft Idea for Kid

How to Come up With a Craft Idea for Kid

http://just4funwithsandy.blogspot.com/2013/08/how-to-come-up-with-craft-idea-for-kid.htmlAre you a camp director or Sunday School teacher looking for a craft idea for kid enrichment?  Maybe you feel like you are just not the creative type, and you struggle with coming up with craft projects.  It is true that some people just have a knack for finding or even inventing craft ideas, but your creativity can be improved.  There are ways to make it easier to find a craft idea for kid needs.


First, lay aside any perfectionism.  Locking yourself into thinking there is only one right way to do something makes every decision harder.  Regardless of the kid program you are helping with, there are always many suitable craft ideas out there.  Don't worry about picking the wrong one!  If you've taken into consideration the age and skill levels of the kids involved, your choice will be adequate.

Next, consider your budget.  When choosing a craft idea for kid programs, you need to be aware that some of them are expensive.  Prepackaged kits to make a fun foam picture frame or a craft stick cross are affordable for a few kids, but if you are needing to do a craft with a lot of kids, these kits might cost too much.  It's often easy to do almost exactly the same project by just looking at the craft kit components and buying the same materials in bulk at the discount store.  You may have to do some preparation, like cutting out shapes ahead of time, or at least making cardboard patterns for the kids to use in cutting out their own.  The savings will be worth it, however.

Another consideration is this:  in spite of years of indoctrination from women's libbers, the fact remains that boys and girls like different sorts of crafts!  If the craft seems a little girly, don't use it at boys' camp.  Stick with lace-up leather billfolds, Indian artifacts, dinosaur art, and similar projects.  Girls will like beads and anything that's pink or purple.  For a craft idea for kid camp where there are kids of both sexes, keep it on the boyish side and provide some pink materials to keep the girls happy.

An aspect of creativity that the non-creative types don't realize is that ideas spring from other ideas.  That is, if you look over a book or website of craft ideas, maybe none of them will appeal to you, but if you let them, they will spark an idea for a similar project.  Use what you can and change what you must in the craft directions.  For instance, the craft may have a slogan to be written across the front.  If you need to change the slogan to fit your own needs, it's perfectly OK.  For instance, the pictured project might say "Girls rock!"  You can change that to "He is the Rock!" if that meets your VBS needs better.

A final suggestion is to realize that you don't have to change the instructions or create something new to have a good craft idea for kid use.  Feel free to follow the instructions to the letter if that works better for you.  The kids will have a great time either way.  Just pick a craft idea, for kid creativity beats adult creativity everytime!  The kids will make it creative, even if you have doubts about your own ability in this area.

Sunday, 18 August 2013

Craft Idea for a Group:  Make a Mural

Craft Idea for a Group: Make a Mural

http://just4funwithsandy.blogspot.com/2013/08/craft-idea-for-group-make-mural.html
Most craft ideas are geared to individuals, whether kids or adults.  Sometimes you'd like to have a craft idea that works for a group of kids working together.  Making a mural together is an idea that works for a group.  By working together, you are creating something to decorate a shared area.  Individual crafts can be displayed, but one unique item is often more effective than a group of items that are almost identical.  In addition, sometimes kids' crafts, like it or not, just become clutter when they are taken home, and it isn't long before Mom throws it out.  This craft idea of making a group mural can be displayed for several weeks and will not become clutter in anyone's home.

The basic materials for a kids' group mural is freezer paper.  Freezer paper is about 18 inches wide, and it is very tough.  One side is plastic coated.  That is the side that is designed to be placed against the food.  You will have better luck drawing on and gluing things onto the other side.  Class or group murals can feature a number of different design elements.  You can mix up some finger paint and let the children make hand prints (or even foot prints!) on the paper.  You can let them scour old cast-off magazines and color catalogs for pictures they like and let them cut the pictures out and glue them on.  They can add scribbles, designs, signatures, slogans, or pictures using markers, crayons, or gel pens.  They can attach stickers to the mural as well.  This craft idea is very flexible!

For making the mural, choose a topic that relates to the group in some way.  If the group are girl scouts, for instance, and have been learning to camp, the mural can feature pictures of items related to camping.  If you've been learning about dinosaurs, you can use them as a theme.  If you want a really messy project that makes a cute mural for fall, mix up finger paint in fall colors.  The children can each make a tree by first laying their forearm in brown paint.  Then they lay their arm on the paper to make the trunk of the tree.  They should spread out their fingers so their arm print has five short branches at the top.  To make the leaves, the children make fingerprints all around the top of the tree using paints in other fall colors.  If you add a few drops of dishwashing detergent to finger paint when mixing it up, it will be easier to clean off the children's arms.  Do make sure they have old clothes or smocks for this craft idea.

Little preschoolers will like making a mural with an animal theme.  You should probably find and cut out animal magazine pictures to start with, and then let the children choose the ones they like for gluing down.  Glue sticks are neat to use with small children.  They will paste some of the pictures upside down.  Expect it and do not scold them.  It is the process that is important in this craft idea.  The children can also use animal cookie cutters dipped in finger paint to stamp animals on the mural, too.  You may need to tape the paper to the table so it doesn't slide around while the children work.

An elaborate form of this craft idea that adults often make is a quilt around a theme.  Each person in the group creates a quilt square to represent some aspect of what the group stands for.  These quilt squares can be colored with fabric pens or crafted of patchwork or applique.  Again, the craft idea is to build group solidarity and not to highlight one artist's skills over another.  When the quilt top is completed, it can be a group project to tie it or quilt it.  It can be hung in a special central location or given to an appreciated leader or member.